Kerala and parts of Karnataka has been witnessing a recent surge in mumps cases. Mumps is a self-limiting viral disease, caused by paramyxovirus. The disease mostly causes mild symptoms or can be asymptomatic as well, but in rare cases, it may cause complications like brain swelling or hearing loss in the post-vaccine stage. The Union Health Ministry, in collaboration with local health agencies, has swiftly responded to the emerging disease. Authorities in both the States are maintaining strict vigilance against the spread of the infection.

Given the infection’s highly contagious nature and surging case numbers in Kerala and Karnataka, it is essential for organisations operating in areas along the Malabar Coast to maintain caution and take suitable precautionary measures.

Facts about Mumps:

Vaccination:

As per the World Health Organization, mumps vaccines are available as a monovalent vaccine, a bivalent measles-mumps vaccine, or as a trivalent measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR).

Transmission:

Through respiratory droplets from coughing, sneezing, or talking, as well as through direct contact with saliva or mucus from an infected person.

Seasonality:

Mumps cases tend to peak in late winter and early spring in temperate climates. However, mumps can occur throughout the year and is not strictly confined to a particular season.

Incubation Period:

The incubation period for mumps is typically around 16-18 days, although it can range from 12 to 25 days.

Physical Damage:

Mumps primarily affects the parotid glands, leading to swelling and tenderness, and can cause complications such as orchitis, oophoritis, meningitis, encephalitis, hearing loss, and pancreatitis in severe cases.

At Risk:

Although mumps can affect any age group, it is more common in children between five-nine years. Those with weakened immune systems due to conditions like HIV/AIDS or undergoing chemotherapy are at higher risk of developing mumps and experiencing more severe symptoms.

Symptoms

In case of severity

Hotspots

Case Numbers as of 14 March, 2024:

Case Numbers in Kerala

Total Cases in March:	2,777
Total Cases in 2024:	11,739
Highest Daily Cases (11 March):	273

District wise numbers in Kerala

Kasaragod Daily count:	10+
Malappuram Daily count:	10-15

Case Numbers in Karnataka

Belagavi	84
Haralkatti	20
Yaragatti	15
Kadabi	08
Asundi	07
Inchal	15
Inahongal	04
Shirasangi	04
Munavalli	04

Recommendations:

For Organisations:

• Encourage employees to practice good hygiene, such as frequent handwashing with soap and water, especially after coughing or sneezing. Provide hand sanitizers in common areas and promote its usage.
• Advised to grant sick leave or permit remote operations to those who are showing symptoms or are suffering from mild fever in order to prevent the risk of further transmission of the infection.
• Though there are no official guidelines for offices, organisations with asset locations in impacted areas are advised to closely monitor developments. In case of escalation, implementation of flexible work arrangements, such as staggered work hours can be opted for to reduce the risk of transmission among employees.
• Regularly disinfect frequently touched surfaces and common areas within the workplace to minimise the risk of virus transmission.
• If possible, conduct awareness campaigns about mumps, its symptoms and preventive measures. Encourage employees to ensure they are up to date on their vaccinations, particularly the MMR vaccine, which protects against mumps.

Individuals:

• Wash your hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after coughing or sneezing.
• When coughing or sneezing, cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your elbow to prevent the spread of respiratory droplets.
• Minimise close contact with infected individuals or those showing symptoms.
• If you suspect exposure to mumps or are experiencing symptoms, avoid close contact with others and seek prompt medical advice. Avoid selfmedication.
• Rely on official or verified sources only for credible information.

Helpline and Source Links

• National Health Helpline Number: 104
• Kerala Health Department Helpline Number: 04712302490
• For regular health related updates in Kerala – https://dhs.kerala.gov.in/
• For regular health related updates in Karnataka – @DHFWKA