Locations Affected: South Korea
South Korea is set to hold a snap presidential election on 03 June, following the Constitutional Court’s decision on 04 April to uphold former President Yoon Suk Yeol’s impeachment. According to constitutional law, a presidential election must be held within 60 days if the post becomes vacant.
Martial Law and its Fallout
Yoon attempted to impose martial law in the country on 03 December 2024, citing a national security crisis and accusing the opposition of pro-North Korean actions and insurgency plans. The decision led to widespread protests despite military blockades. Within six hours, Yoon was forced to lift martial law after 190 lawmakers passed a motion to rescind the decision. The action was widely criticized as an attempt to consolidate power, prompting the opposition bloc to propose an impeachment motion. Although Yoon survived the initial motion, he was eventually removed from office.
Key Presidential Candidates
- 03 June has been designated as a temporary public holiday to facilitate voting.
- Prime Minister Han Duck-soo, whose impeachment was overturned by the Constitutional Court, will remain the acting president until the election.
- Ten members of the People Power Party (PPP) are expected to run as presidential candidates. Labour Minister Kim Moon-soo has resigned from his ministerial post and announced his candidacy. Lawmaker Ahn Cheol-soo also plans to run.
- Lee Jae-myung, leader of the opposition Democratic Party who narrowly lost the 2022 election, announced his bid for presidency on 10 April and is considered the front-runner, with some opinion polls showing an approval rating of 34 percent.
Outlook on the Situation
South Korea has experienced months of political turmoil and protests since the failed martial law attempt. The focus on domestic tensions has hindered the government’s ability to address a slowing economy and strained bilateral relations, including the 25 percent export tariff imposed by US President Donald Trump.
The fallout from the martial law declaration has also underscored deep divisions within South Korean society, likely to significantly influence the election outcome. While Yoon’s actions sparked mass protests, they also galvanized his supporters. The PPP will need to overcome internal rifts and restore public trust, which was damaged by the failed martial law move. Lee Jae-myung may also face challenges due to multiple ongoing trials, including charges of election law violations and bribery.
