Locations Affected: Kenya
Tensions in Kenya continue to escalate as anti-government demonstrations persist. The latest protests occurred on 07 July across various parts of the country, including sections of Nairobi, Kisumu, and Mombasa counties, to mark Saba Saba (Seven Seven), commemorating 07 July 1990, when Kenyans protested for the return of multiparty democracy after years of single-party rule under former President Daniel arap Moi. While the Saba Saba Day protests are historically commemorative, this year’s demonstrations are also linked to ongoing grievances related to economic conditions and governance. Clashes were again reported, resulting in 31 fatalities and 107 injuries, according to Kenya’s National Commission on Human Rights (KNCHR), bringing the total number of protest-related deaths to 51 over the past two months. Over 560 people were arrested on 07 July.
Reason for the Anti-Government Protests
Anti-government protests initially began in June 2024 in response to a finance bill proposing new taxes and increased levies on essential goods and services, which was subsequently withdrawn following widespread opposition. Demonstrations resumed on 25 June 2025 to mark the first anniversary of the initial protests and to voice continued concerns over corruption, unemployment, rising living costs, and alleged police brutality. Additionally, the arrest of MP Gitonga Mukunji, accused of inciting unrest during the 07 July protests, further inflamed tensions. Youth-led protestors are also calling for the resignation of President William Ruto.
Reports of Clashes and Demand for Investigations
- Looting and destruction of property were reported in areas affected by the protests, with damage to thousands of businesses. While it remains unclear if all the incidents were perpetrated by demonstrators, reports suggest that some individuals may have exploited the unrest for opportunistic criminal activity.
- On 08 July, protests erupted in Kiambu after a 12-year-old girl was fatally struck by a stray bullet during the Saba Saba Day unrest, prompting renewed public outrage and calls for police accountability.
- Roadblocks and business closures were reported in sections of Nairobi on 07 July, particularly in areas affected by clashes, leading to mobility restrictions and service disruptions.
- Religious and civil rights groups have demanded independent investigations into alleged police excesses, including arbitrary arrests, property damage, and the use of live ammunition.
- The United Nations has expressed concern over the loss of life and urged Kenyan authorities to ensure that any use of force by security personnel complies with international standards.
Outlook on the situation
Outlook: Given the repeated calls for government accountability and justice for victims, further demonstrations remain likely in the coming weeks. Disruptions to mobility and heightened security presence are expected to persist in urban centres, especially Nairobi and other protest-prone regions. Organizations are advised to maintain heightened situational awareness, monitor official advisories, and avoid high-risk areas during periods of unrest.
