Locations Affected: South Korea
South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol declared martial law on 03 December, citing a plot by the opposition to undermine democracy. Facing a hostile National Assembly controlled by the opposition, Yoon accused them of pro-North Korean actions and insurgency plans. His move followed clashes over budget approvals, corruption allegations involving his administration, and political deadlock since his 2022 election. While Yoon framed the measure as necessary for national security, critics, including the opposition, labelled it a power grab to consolidate control.
Why the Martial Law Declaration Failed:
Martial law failed as widespread protests and defiance from lawmakers undermined its enforcement. Despite military blockades, 190 lawmakers convened to annul the declaration, challenging its legality. Protesters demanded President Yoon’s resignation, escalating the crisis. The military hesitated to fully enforce martial law, avoiding arrests of protestors and lawmakers. The standoff between the President and the National Assembly, which declared the move illegal, highlighted the legal conflict. Facing immense pressure, President Yoon eventually lifted the martial law, marking a significant political retreat.
Ramifications of the Martial Law
Yoon survived an impeachment motion proposed by the opposition bloc on 07 December, as most lawmakers from the People’s Power Party (PPP) failed to attend the vote. Impeachment is possible only if enough PPP members vote in favour of the motion. The opposition plans to submit weekly impeachment motions starting 14 December and continue until Yoon is removed from office. Additionally, authorities imposed an overseas travel ban on 09 December amid prosecutors debating insurrection charges related to his decision to impose martial law. Protests against Yoon have intensified, with thousands demanding his resignation. The PPP has also stated that they would seek Yoon’s resignation and exclude him from state affairs.
The martial law declaration and its fallout have highlighted the political divide in the country, likely escalating tensions further. These growing divisions could impact national security, particularly amid tensions with North Korea, and affect South Korea’s relationship with key allies like the United States. If Yoon is removed from office, significant changes in domestic and foreign policies may follow.
